Serrated polyposis syndrome: a literature review

Serrated polyposis syndrome is considered the most prevalent colonic polyposis syndrome in the world. Its importance has been increasingly discussed due to the significant increase in the risk of developing colorectal cancer in its affected individuals, similarly to other well-known polyposis syndromes, such as familial adenomatous polyposis. Serrated lesions of the colon play a major role in this syndrome represented by hyperplastic polyps, serrated sessile lesions and traditional serrated adenomas. Among these lesions, the sessile serrated lesion stands out, considered the main precursor lesion of the serrated pathway of colon carcinogenesis. Diagnosis of serrated polyposis syndrome is given through colonoscopy examination. Diagnostic criteria are: 1) 5 or more serrated lesions proximal to the rectum, all >4mm in size, with at least two >9mm in size; or 2) 20 serrated lesions of any size located anywhere in the large intestine, with >4 lesions proximal to the rectum. The ideal treatment is removal of all relevant serrated lesions by colonoscopy. In case of failure of endoscopic therapy, surgery is indicated. This manuscript is based on two case reports and a literature review and aims to broaden the discussion about the subject. (AU)

Sporadic rectocolic polyps prevalence and management

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of polyps and their treatments. Materials and Method: This is a retrospective study conducted in our department over 20 years and 3 months between January 2000 and March 2021. All patients with colorectal polyps who underwent endoscopic resection were included. We evaluated the resection techniques and the management of complications. Results: The total number of patients was 273, with a mean age of 57.26 ± 14.058 (18-90) and a M/W sex ratio of 2. The prevalence was 3.35% and the mean number of polyps was 1.33 ± 0.69. The most frequent symptoms were rectal bleeding (23.5%) and constipation (12.1%). The median size was 6 mm (4-12 mm). The left colonic location was the most frequent site (43%). All polyps were classified according to the Paris classification, with a predominance of sessile polyps in 45.75%, followed by pedunculated polyps, representing 42.4%. Endoscopic resection was performed either by biopsy forceps, polypectomy, or mucosectomy in 30.2%, 27.4%, and 25.4% of cases, respectively. Our study noted immediate bleeding in 1.5% of cases, and no perforations or late complications. All complications were treated endoscopically, and no patient required blood transfusion or surgical intervention. Conclusion: Endoscopic resection of rectocolic polyps is the ideal treatment for these lesions. In our department, the prevalence was 3.35%, the most used resection techniques were forceps resection and polypectomy, and the complication rate was 1.5%. (AU)

Caracterización clínica, endoscópica e histológica de los pólipos colorrectales en pacientes de edades pediátricas. Matanzas / Clinical, endoscopic and pathological characterization of colorectal polyps in pediatric patients, Matanzas

Resumen Introducción: los pólipos del colon son los tumores más comunes del tracto gastrointestinal. Se presentan relativamente frecuentes en niños. El método eficaz para su diagnóstico es la colonoscopia que permite su tratamiento mediante la polipectomía. Objetivo: determinar las características clínicas, endoscópicas e histológicas de los pólipos colorrectales, diagnosticados en niños atendidos en el Hospital Pediátrico Provincial "Eliseo Noel Caamaño", de la ciudad de Matanzas. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo en niños diagnosticados con pólipos colorrectales y atendidos en el hospital. En el período comprendido del 2010 al 2018. Se estudiaron 141 pacientes menores de 18 años, con diagnóstico de pólipos por colonoscopia confirmado en el estudio histológico. Se excluyeron los pacientes con diagnósticos diferentes a pólipos y aquellos que no se pudieron estudiar histológicamente. Resultados: se observó mayor frecuencia de pacientes con pólipos en las edades entre 1 y 10 años (37,6 %), del sexo masculino (57,4 %). Los síntomas más frecuentes fueron el sangramiento digestivo bajo, (96,3 %) y prolapso de masa T por el recto, (27 %). Los pólipos estudiados se localizaron con mayor frecuencia en rectosigmoide (73, 4 %), predominando los pólipos únicos (78 %), pediculados (56,2 %), de 1-2 cm de tamaño (53,2 %). Histológicamente predominaron los pólipos juveniles, (62,1 %) seguidos de los inflamatorios (33 %). Conclusiones: los pólipos fueron más frecuentes en las edades de 1 y 10 años y en el sexo masculino. Se demostró la importancia de la colonoscopia en el diagnóstico precoz de estas lesiones (AU).

ABSTRACT Introduction: colon polyps are the most common tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. They are found relatively frequently in children. The efficacious method for their treatment is the colonoscopy, allowing their treatment through polypectomy. Objective: to determine the histological, endoscopic and clinical characteristics of colorectal polyps diagnosed in children who attended the Pediatric Provincial Hospital "Eliseo Noel Caamaño", of Matanzas. Materials and methods: a retrospective, descriptive study was carried out in children diagnosed with colorectal polyps in the hospital in the period from 2010 to 2018. 141 patients under 18 years-old were studied, all with diagnosis of polyps by colonoscopy confirmed in the histological study. The patients with different diagnosis but polyps were excluded, and also those who could not be histologically studied. Results: the highest frequency of patients with polyps was found in ages between 1 and 10 years (37,6 %), and the male sex (57.4 %). The most frequent symptoms were low digestive bleeding (96.3 %) and Mass T prolapse through the rectum (27 %). The studied polyps were more frequently located in the rectosigmoid (73.4 %). The single polyps predominated (78 %)m and the pedunculated ones (56.2 %) of 1-2 cm size (53.2 %). Histologically predominated young polyps (62.1 %), followed by the inflammatory ones (33 %). Conclusions: polyps were more frequent at the ages from 1 to 10 years and in the male sex. The authors showed the importance of colonoscopy in the precocious diagnosis of these lesions (AU).

Lésions précancereuses recto-coliques à Brazzaville, Congo

Contexte et objectif. Les polypes coliques et rectaux sont des états précancéreux du côlon et du rectum. Leur dépistage contribue au diagnostic et aux traitements précoces du cancer colorectal (CCR). L?objectif était de décrire les aspects épidémiologiques, cliniques et endoscopiques des polypes et d'en déterminer les particularités.Méthodes. Il s'est agi d'une étude documentaire couvrant la période allant du 1er juin 2013 au 31 mai 2015 dans deux centres d'endoscopie de Brazzaville. Tous les patients ayant bénéficié d'une endoscopie digestive basse sur un côlon bien préparé ont été inclus. Les endoscopies non contributives, du fait de la mauvaise qualité de la préparation, ont été exclues. Les variables d?intérêt comprenaient le sexe, l'âge, l'indication de l'examen et les résultats endoscopiques.Résultats. Nous avons colligé 830 endoscopies basses exploitables pendant la période d'étude, parmi lesquelles 593 coloscopies et 237 rectoscopies. Les polypes ont été rencontrés chez 49 patients soit 5,42% des cas.Il y avait 32 hommes et 17 femmes, avec un sexe ratio de 1,8/1. Leur âge moyen était de 49,3 ans (extrêmes de 5 ans et 73 ans). Les indications de l'examen étaient des rectorragies (30,61%), des douleurs abdominales (28,57%), des troubles du transit (32,65%), la surveillance d'un patient opéré d'un CCR (10,2%), des proctalgies (6,12%), une anémie microcytaire hypochrome (4,08%), une masse abdominale (4,08%), une altération de l'état général (2,04%), et un dépistage du CCR (2,04%). Le polype était unique chez 27 cas (55,1%), entre deux et 10 chez 15 sujets (30,61%) et supérieur à 10 chez 3 autres patients (6,12%). Dans 22 cas (44,89%) il s'agissait d'un polype plan, dans 15 cas (30,61%) d'un polype pediculé dans 12 cas (24,49%). Le siège était le rectum (51,02%), le côlon gauche (40,81%), le côlon transverse (10,2%), et le côlon droit (24,48%). La taille du polype était supérieure à 5mm chez 13 cas (28,88%). L'aspect macroscopique était dans la majorité des cas bénin (73,33%). L'exérèse du polype a été réalisée à la pince froide et à l?anse diathermique, respectivement chez 12 cas (24,48%) et 15 cas (30,61%).Conclusion. Les polypes colorectaux rendent compte de cinq pourcent d?admission hospitalière à Brazzaville. En raison de l'âge jeune de survenue des CCR au Congo, il serait judicieux de réaliser, une exploration endoscopique devant des signes d'appel, même peu spécifiques, chez le sujet jeune d'une part et de développer le dépistage chez les sujets à risque

Is there a link between upper gastrointestinal polyps and colonic polyps? A retrospective study from a Turkish cohort / Existe conexão entre pólipos gastrointestinais proximais e pólipos colônicos? Estudo retrospectivo de uma coorte turca

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the incidence and associated demographical and clinical factors related to lower GI polyps and neoplasms in patients with upper GI polyps and neoplasms. METHODS: We investigated 99 patients who had upper GI polyps and neoplasms and who were screened with colonoscopy: the following data were collected: demographical and clinical data consisting of age, sex, smoking status, presence of H. pylori infection, placement of upper GI polyps or neoplasms, presence of gastric atrophy, usage of proton pump inhibitors (PPI), presence of lower GI polyp or neoplasm, type of colon polyp, pathological grade of colon polyp. The patients were grouped according to having/not having lower GI polyps and neoplasms; data was compared between groups. RESULTS: Smoking rate was significantly higher in patients with lower GI polyps and neoplasms (χ2: 4.35, p: 0.03). Furthermore, there was a signifant association between presence of lower GI polyps and neoplasms vs. smoking (OR: 2.44 CI: 1.01-5.84, p: 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with upper GI polyps and neoplasms who are smokers should be considered as candidates for having lower GI polyps and neoplasms and should be screened and followed more carefully. Additionally, we believe that large sampled and prospective studies are needed to higligt the association between upper GI polyps and presence of lower GI polyps and neoplasms.

OBJETIVO: investigar a incidência, demografia associada e fatores clínicos relativos a pólipos e neoplasias gastrointestinais distais em pacientes com pólipos e neoplasias do trato gastrointestinal superior. MÉTODOS: Foram investigados 99 pacientes que apresentaram pólipos ou neoplasias gastrointestinais superiores selecionados através de colonoscopia: os seguintes dados foram coletados: dados demográficos e clínicos consistentes em idade, sexo, tabagismo, presença de infecção por H. pylori, a presença de pólipos ou neoplasias gastrointestinais proximais, presença de atrofia gástrica, uso de inibidores da bomba de prótons (IBP), presença de pólipo ou neoplasia gastrointestinal distal, tipo de pólipo de cólon, grau patológico de pólipo de cólon. Os pacientes foram agrupados de acordo com ter/não ter pólipos ou neoplasias distais; os dados foram comparados entre os grupos. RESULTADOS: A taxa de tabagismo foi significativamente maior nos pacientes com pólipos e neoplasias distais (χ2: 4.35, p: 0,03). Além disso houve uma associação significante entre a presença de pólipos e neoplasias distais e tabagismo (OR: 2,44 CI: 1,01-5,84, p: 0,04). CONCLUSÕES: Os pacientes fumantes com pólipos e neoplasias do trato gastrointestinal superior devem ser considerados candidatos a pólipos e neoplasias distais e devem ser rastreados e seguidos com mais cuidado. Adicionalmente, grandes amostras e estudos prospectivos são necessários para esclarecer a associação entre pólipos gastrointestinais superiores e a presença de pólipos e neoplasias gastrointestinais distais.

CLINICAL, EPIDEMIOLOGIC, AND ENDOSCOPIC PROFILE IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS WITH COLONIC POLYPS IN TWO REFERENCE CENTERS

Background - The main goal of this paper is to investigate the frequency, clinical profile, and endoscopic findings of children and teenagers submitted to colonoscopies. Methods - Patients of below 18 years of age, diagnosed with polyps by means of colonoscopies at two reference centers of pediatric endoscopy were followed-up between 2002 and 2012. The clinical variables evaluated in this study included: gender, recommendation of colonoscopy, associated signs and symptoms, age of onset of symptoms, age at identification of the polyp, interval of time between the onset of symptoms and the endoscopic diagnosis of colonic polyps, and family history of intestinal polyposis and/or colorectal cancer. The characteristics of the polyps also included: number, morphological type, histology, and distribution. Polyposis syndromes were also investigated. Results - From the 233 patients submitted to colonoscopies, polyps were found in 74 (31.7%) patients, with a median age of 6.6 years, of which 61% were male. Juvenile polyps were identified in 55 (74%) patients, with 7 (9%) characterized within the criteria for juvenile polyposis. Patients with intestinal polyposis syndromes were diagnosed in 35% of the patients. The most frequent clinical presentation was hematochezia. Abdominal pain with acute episodes of intestinal partial obstruction or intussusception with emergency laparotomy was observed in the majority of Peutz-Jeghers syndrome patients leading to an increased morbidity. Conclusions - Even though juvenile colonic polyps are the most frequent type of diagnosed polyps, the present study identified a significant level of children with polyposis syndromes (35%), associated with a higher morbidity of these individuals.

Objetivos - Conhecer a frequência, o perfil clínico, os achados endoscópicos, de crianças e adolescentes submetidos à colonoscopia em dois centros de referência em gastroenterologia e endoscopia pediátrica. Métodos - Foram avaliados e acompanhados pacientes com idade menor ou igual a 18 anos com diagnóstico de pólipos identificados à colonoscopia em dois centros de referência em endoscopia pediátrica no período de 2002 a 2012. As variáveis clínicas avaliadas foram: gênero, indicação da colonoscopia, sinais e sintomas associados, idade de início dos sintomas, idade à identificação do pólipo, intervalo de tempo entre início dos sintomas e diagnóstico endoscópico do pólipo colônico, história familiar de polipose intestinal e/ou câncer coloretal. Em relação às características dos pólipos foram descritos: número, tipo morfológico, histológico e distribuição. Foram estudadas também as síndromes poliposas (síndrome de Peutz-Jeghers, síndrome juvenil poliposa, síndrome poliposa adenomatosa familiar). Resultados - Dos 233 pacientes submetidos à colonoscopia, foram encontrados 74 (31,7%) pacientes com pólipos, com mediana de idade de 6,6 anos, 61% do gênero masculino. Pólipos juvenis foram identificados em 55 (74%) dos pacientes, sendo 7 (9%) com critérios diagnósticos de polipose juvenil. Pacientes com síndromes poliposas intestinais foram diagnosticados em 35% dos pacientes. Destes, 12% com diagnóstico de polipose adenomatosa familiar, 9% com síndrome juvenil poliposa e 8% com diagnóstico de Síndrome de Peutz-Jeghers. A apresentação clínica mais frequente foi o sangramento retal indolor. Nos pacientes com polipose adenomatosa familiar o principal motivo da indicação da colonoscopia foi para rastreamento da doença devido história familiar da síndrome poliposa. Um paciente apresentou adenocarcinomacoloretal, simultâneo ao diagnóstico da polipose adenomatosa aos 15 anos de idade. Dor abdominal com episódios agudos de semiobstrução ou intussuscepção intestinal com laparotomia de urgência foi observado nos pacientes com Peutz-Jeghers. Conclusões - Embora os pólipos colônicos juvenis sejam os mais frequentemente diagnosticados, foi observado um percentual significativo de crianças com síndromes poliposas (35%) associado a uma maior morbidade destas crianças. Desta forma concluímos ser importante estabelecimento de um protocolo de diagnóstico e seguimento dos pacientes afetados e familiares de risco.

Is prevalence of colorectal polyps higher in patients with family history of colorectal cancer? / A prevalência de pólipos colorretais é mais elevada em pacientes com história familiar de câncer colorretal?

ABSTRACT: Objectives:To assess the prevalence of polyps in patients with a family history of colorectal cancer, in comparison to asymptomatic individuals with indication for screening. Methods: A prospective study in a group of patients who underwent colonoscopy between 2012 and 2014. Patients were divided into two groups: Group I: no family history of colorectal cancer, and Group II: with a family history in first-degree relatives. Demographic characteristics, findings on colonoscopy, presence, location and histological type of polyps were evaluated, comparing the two groups.Results: 214 patients were evaluated: 162 in Group I and 52 in Group II. The distribution of patients with polyps was similar in relation to gender: polyps were evidenced in Group I in 33 (20%) female patients vs. 10 (6%) male patients (p= 1.00); in Group II, the presence of polyps was evidenced in 9 (17%) female patients vs. 2 (4%) male patients (p= 1.00). Polypoid lesions were found in 54 patients (25%), with 43 (26%) in Group I and 11 (21%) in Group II. The prevalence of adenomas was similar in both groups (Group I = 18/37% vs. Group II = 10/50%) (p= 0.83).Conclusion: In this preliminary study, no correlation was found between prevalence of polyps and a family history of colorectal cancer. (AU)

RESUMO: Objetivos: Avaliar a prevalência de pólipos em pacientes com história familiar de câncer colorretal comparando com indivíduos assintomáticos com indicação para rastreamento. Métodos: Estudo prospectivo realizado em um grupo de indivíduos submetidos à colonoscopia entre 2012 e 2014. Os pacientes foram distribuídos em dois grupos: Grupo I: sem história familiar de câncer colorretal e Grupo II: com história familiar em parentes de primeiro grau. Avaliaram-se características demográficas, achados na colonoscopia, presença, localização e tipo histológico dos pólipos, comparando os dois grupos. Resultados: Foram avaliados 214 pacientes, 162 incluídas no grupo I e 52 no grupo II. A distribuição dos pacientes com pólipos foi similar em relação ao sexo, sendo evidenciado pólipos no Grupo I em 33 (20%) pacientes do sexo feminino vs. 10 (6%) masculino (p = 1,00) e no Grupo II, presença de pólipos em pacientes do sexo feminino em 9 (17%) vs. 2 (4%) masculino (p = 1,00). Foram encontradas lesões polipóides em 54 pacientes (25%), sendo 43 (26%) no grupo I e 11 (21%) no grupo II. A prevalência de adenomas foi similar em ambos os grupos (Grupo I = 18/37% vs. Grupo II = 10/50%) (p = 0,83).Conclusão: Neste estudo inicial, não foi encontrada correlação entre a prevalência de pólipos e o histórico familiar de câncer colorretal. (AU)

Seguimiento de pólipos de colon / Surveillance of colorectal polyps

The colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second cause of death by digestive tumors. Colonic polyps can benon-neoplastic and neoplastic, where the adenomatous are premalignant lesions given their potential adenoma-carcinoma sequence and associated genetic factors that favor their occurrence. Most polyps are casual findings in: a colonoscopy performed due to nonspecific symptoms or signs, without a clear association with the presence of the polyps; as result of CRC screening programs; patients with positive fecal occult bleeding tests; individuals belonging to CRC risk groups such as inflammatory bowel disease or a family history of intestinal polyposis syndrome. For these reasons consensus guides and protocols have been developed for the follow-up of these injuries, being colonoscopy under quality parameters the recommended procedure, where polypectomy of the polyps encountered must be performed. This allows for histopathological study and depending on the results, the patients are referred to a monitoring program with variable periods of time, according to size, number, tubular or hairy adenoma (histological findings), degree of dysplasia or the existence or not of in situ or invasive carcinoma.

El cáncer colorrectal (CCR) es la segunda causa de muerte por tumores digestivos. Los pólipos colónicos pueden ser no neoplásicos y neoplásicos, donde los adenomatosos son lesiones premalignas, dada su potencial secuencia adenoma carcinoma y los factores genéticos asociados que lo favorecen. La mayoría de los pólipos son hallazgos casuales en: una colonos-copia efectuada por síntomas o signos inespecíficos sin relación clara con la presencia de los mismos; como resultado de programas de tamizaje (cribado o screening) para CCR; pacientes estudiados por test de hemorragias ocultas fecales positivas; individuos pertenecientes a grupos de riesgo para CCR como son las enfermedades inflamatorias intestinales; o por antecedentes familiares de síndromes de poliposis intestinal. Por tales motivos se han consensuado guías y protocolos de seguimiento de estas lesiones, siendo la colonoscopia bajo parámetros de calidad el procedimiento recomendado, donde siempre debe efectuarse la polipectomía del o los pólipos encontrados. Esto permite su estudio histopatológico y de acuerdo al resultado se integraran los pacientes a un programa de vigilancia con rangos o intervalos de tiempo variables, según tamaño, número, histología tubular o vellosa, grado de displasia o la existencia o no de carcinoma in situ o invasor.

Profile of colonic polyps in a southern Indian population.

BACKGROUND: In Western countries, colonic polyps are usually adenomatous in nature, are evenly distributed along the entire colon in asymptomatic per-sons and show a left-sided predominance in symptomatic patients. There is dearth of such literature from India. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed reports of colonoscopies done in our institution during the period 2001 to 2005. Clinical features, colonoscopic description and histologic findings of all patients with polyps were noted. Association of the degree of dysplasia with the size, site and type of polyps and the person's age was assessed. RESULTS: Polyps were seen in 124 (5.1%) of 2412 complete colonoscopies. Mean age of patients with polyps was 58.1 (SD 19.9) years; ninety were men. A majority of polyps (92%) were located in the left colon. They were adenomatous in 99 (79.8%), juvenile in 12 (9.8%), hyperplastic in 11 (8.8 %), inflammatory in 1 (0.8%) and Peutz-Jegher's polyp in 1 (0.8%). Dysplasia was severe in large (>2 cm) polyps compared to small (< 1 cm) ones (p< 0.001). Age of patient and location of polyp had no association with degree of dysplasia. CONCLUSIONS: In southern Indian adults, most colonic polyps are adenomatous and are in the left colon. Large polyps are associated with severe dysplasia.

Prevalência de pólipos com displasia de alto grau em pacientes com idade inferior a 50 anos / Prevalence of polyps with high degree dysplasia in patients with less than 50 years of age

O câncer colorretal é uma doença freqüente e passível de diagnóstico precoce. Objetiva-se avaliar uma idade ideal para o início do rastreio dessa doença. Avaliaram-se 2.068 colonoscopias em estudo transversal; 411 mostravam pólipos e em 270 obteve-se resultado histopatológico. Verificou-se idade média de 61 anos, sendo 52 (141) do sexo feminino; 61 (161) eram pólipos neoplásicos; desses, 15 (25) continham displasia de alto grau; 28 (7) das displasias de alto grau concentravam-se na população com idade inferior a 50 anos.

Demographic and anatomical survey of colorectal polyps in an Iranian population.

OBJECTIVE: Asian countries generally have low incidences of colorectal cancers (CRCs). One approach to prevention is based on recognition and removal of polyps. The aim of this study was to determine basic demographic features, anatomic distribution and characteristics of colorectal polyps in a local Asian population for comparison with western data. METHODS: We here performed a retrospective chart review of 194 patients with colorectal polyps detected by endoscopy [total colonoscopy in 136 cases (73.1%), and flexible sigmoidoscopy in the remainder] during 1992-2005, focusing on descriptive statistics for categorical variables, including distribution pattern and histology. Cold biopsy in 14 cases, piecemeal endoscopic resection in 5 patients, and usual snare polypectomy in the remainder were performed. Patients with polyposis syndromes were excluded from the analysis. RESULTS: The average age of patients was 43.2 yr (range 2-80) with 71% being males. Most of the polyps were presented in 5th decade (p=0.029). A total of 32 (17.2%) had synchronous proximal polyps (15% adenomas), and 154 cases had solitary polyps. The vast majority of the polyps were left sided and the most frequent type was adenoma (63%), with a villous component in 37.1%. Coexistent cancer was seen in 10.9% of cases. CONCLUSION: In this Iranian population, the majority of polyps are left sided. The incidence of adenomas and their histology appear comparable to data for western patients, but with a significantly lower rate for synchronous neoplastic lesions.

Prevalencia de tumores colorretais à colonoscopia em idosos em um serviço privado na cidade de teresina, Piauí / Prevalence of colorectal tumors in colonoscopy of elderly patients in a private clinic in the city of Teresina, Piauí

Os tumores colorretais são causas importantes de morbidade e mortalidade em idosos. A seqüência adeno-carcinoma é aceita como evolução natural dessa patologia. Rastreamento e remoção de pólipos tornan-se medidas preventivas que reduzem a incidência do câncer de cólon e reto. Objetivo: Análise da prevalência dessas lesões em população idosa, na cidade de Terezina, Piauí, submetida à colonoscopia e sua prevenção. Método : Foram revistas 989 colonoscopias realizadas entre agosto de 1999 e outubro de 2001 , das quais 377 em pessoas com 60 ou mais anos. Todos os pacientes foram submetidos a preparo do intestino e os exames foram realizados por dois médicos, que usaram os mesmos aparelhos. Resultados: Das 377 pessoas selecionadas com 60 ou mais anos de idade, 94 apresentaram pólipos ou tumor e 81 por cento delas tinham pólipos. Predominaram os pólipos adenomatosos, menores que 1,0cm e localizados no lado esquerdo do intistino grosso. Não foi encontrada nemhuma complicação causada pela colonoscopia. Conclusão: Alta precalência dos tumores de cólon e reto nos idosos e a seqüência adenoma-câncer justificam algum tipo de rastreamento, como também a exérese dos pólopos encontrados durante a colonoscopia

Análise das polipectomias colonoscópicas no Serviço de endoscopia Digestiva do Hospital de clínicas da Universidade Federal do Paraná / Analysis of the colonoscopic polypectomies at the Endoscopic Unit of Federal University Hospital of Paraná

Histórico/objetivo: Os pólipos de cólon são um grupo de lesões que se projetam acima da superfície da mucosa do cólon. O significado clínico se define por sua classificação histólogica. O objetivo do presente estudo é analisar os resultados de polipectomias executadas na unidade de endoscopia de um hospital universitário entre 1996 e 1999 e compará-los com os resultados de outros estudos. Materias e métodos: Os autores realizaram um estudo retrospectivo na unidade de endoscopia. Foram analisados 493 registros com as seguintes informações: idade, sexo, sintomas e tipo, tamanho, aspecto e histologia de pólipos na colonoscopia. Resultados: Noventa e seis pacientes foram submetidos a polipectomia colonoscópica na unidade de endoscopia, idades variando de 34 a 76 anos. Cinquenta e seis (58,3por cento) eram homens e vinte , mulheres (41,7por cento). Dos 121 pólipos identificados pela colonoscopia, 31 (25,6por cento) foram classificados como hiperplásicos, 15 (12,3por cento) como inflamatórios e 65 (53,7por cento) como adenomatosos. Foram identificados dez pólipos malígnos e dois deles mediam menos de 5mm. Discussão: Aproximadamente 70 a 80por cento dos polípos ressecados são adenomatosos e embora tenham potencial de malignidade, a maioria eram pólipos benignos quando foram detectados. A maior parte dos estudo nos indica que pólipos diminutos de cólon são hiperplásico em 80 a 90por cento dos casos(1). No entanto, outros estudos sugerem que 40 a 60por cento desses pólipos podem ser neoplásicos(1,2,7,18,21,23). Os dados obtidos no presente estudo foram semelhante aos de outros estudos; entretanto, os autores acharam dois pólipos diminutos que eram malignos no exame histológico. GED 19(6):133-238,2000

Significance of rectosigmoid polyp as a predictor of proximal colonic polyp

The association between rectosigmoid polyps and polyps in the more proximal colon is still a matter of debate, and the need for colonoscopy in patients with rectosigmoid polyps that are detected by flexible sigmoidoscopy is controversial. The aim of this study was to determine whether or not certain characteristics of rectosigmoid polyps are associated with the presence and characteristics of proximal colonic polyps. Seven hundred and twenty-eight patients who underwent total colonoscopy between October 1995 and June 1998 and who had colorectal polyps were retrospectively analyzed. Patients with inflammatory bowel diseases, familial adenomatous polyposis, or any advanced cancer were excluded. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of prevalence of proximal colonic polyps according to the patients age and sex, as well as the characteristics of rectosigmoid polyps, were calculated. Advanced adenoma was defined as an adenoma larger than 10 mm or an adenoma of any size with villous component, high-grade dysplasia or invasive carcinoma. Among 728 patients with colorectal polyps, 356 patients (48.9%) had polyps only in the rectosigmoid region, 193 patients (26.5%) had polyps only in the proximal colon, and 179 patients (24.6%) had polyps in both the rectosigmoid and proximal colon. In 535 patients with rectosigmoid polyps, the prevalence of proximal colonic polyps, neoplastic polyps and advanced adenomas were 33.4%, 27.3% and 2.9%, respectively. The prevalence of proximal colonic polyps in patients with rectosigmoid polyps was found to be significantly related to the male gender and elderly patients, in addition to the neoplastic histology of the rectosigmoid polyps. However, the prevalence of the proximal colonic polyps was not related to the size, number and shape of rectosigmoid polyps. In 179 patients with both rectosigmoid and proximal colonic polyps, the characteristics of proximal colonic polyps such as size, number and shape were similar to those of rectosigmoid polyps. We recommend total colonoscopic examination in all patients with rectosigmoid adenomas, regardless of the size, number, and shape, especially in elderly males.

Prevalencia de polipos colonicos en una muestra de la población dominicana / Prevalence of colonic polyps in a sample of the dominican population

Antecedentes. Desafortunadamente en la República Dominicana es mas lo que se desconoce que lo que se conoce sobre los pólipos colónicos, que es la patología base para el desarrollo del cancer de colon. Materiales y Métodos. Realizamos un estudio retrospectivos de los expedientes a un total de 1614 pacientes a quienes se les realizó una videocolonoscopía o fibrocolonoscopía en Centro Gastrodiagnóstico, el Hospital Dr. Francisco Moscoso Puello y el consultorio del Dr. Fernando Contreras, en Santo Domingo, República Dominicana, durante el período 1ro de enero 1993 al 31 de diciembre 1996. Resultados. La edad de los pacientes osciló entre uno y 95 años, 55.8// femeninos y 44.2// masculinos. En 362 pacientes (22//) de los pacientes estudiados, se diagnóstico la presencia de pólipos colónicos. Tanto en hombres como en mujeres se observó que la proporción de afectados se eleva con la edad, en hombres pasando de 8.1// en el grupo de 20 y 29 años hasta el34.2// en el grupo de 80 y mas años y en las mujeres del 9.2 en el grupo de 20 a 29 años, hasta el 25.9// en el grupo de 80 y mas años y en las mujeres del 9.2// en el grupo de 20 a 29 años, hasta el 25.9// en el grupo de 80 y mas años. De los 362 pacientes afectados 194 (53.6//) eran masculinos y 168 (46.4//) femeninos. En cuanto a la localización de los pólipos, el recto fue el sitio mas frecuentes con 33// el sigmoide tuvo 17//, colon ascendente 11.5//, colon transverso 13//, colon descendente 13.5//, y ciego 6.6//. en cuatro pacientes todo el colon estuvo afectado. Los signos y sintomas mas frecuentes presentados fueron sangrado gastrointestinal 23.4//, dolor abdominal y rectal 17.8 y cambio de hábito intestinal 16.4//. Del total de 362 pólipos extirpados 15 (4.1//) presentadon displasia y resultados adenocarcinomas. Comentario. Comparada con otros paises, la incidencia de pólipos del colon es mas elevada en la muestra estudiada en la República Dominicana

Pólipos de colon en Cali, Colombia 1995-1996. Correlación de hallazgos endoscópicos e histopatológicos

La colonoscopia es un método útil en el diagnóstico y tratamiento de los pólipos del colon. Se revisaron 1354 colonoscopias practicadas durante 1995 y 1996, encontrando que en 342 se había realizado polipectomía. La mayoría de los pólipos eran adenomatosos, localizados especialmente en el hemicolon izquierdo. Se insiste en la necesidad de tener un registro adecuado de esta patología en nuestro medio

relationship between colonic bilharzial polyposis and colorectal cancer

We studied 222 patients suffering from intestinal Bilharziasis and / or colorectal cancer compared to other cancerous diseases as well as other controls. CEA in the sera of Bilharzial patients was increased in colitis and it was double the normal value in the polyp form. Its level in the neoplastic precancerous Bilharzial polyps was twice higher than those with Bilharzial polyps and less than in colorectal cancer associated with Bilharziasis. Non-Bilharzial group had either normal levels of CEA or significantly lower levels than the corresponding Bilharzial disease This study is strongly suggesting the presence of a relationship between Bilharziasis and colorectal cancer

Sangrado digestivo bajo en una población pediátrica / Low gastrointestinal bleeding in a pediatric population

Se realizó un estudio prospectivo en cincuenta (50) niños que acudieron a la consulta de gastroenterología del Hospital Infantil Dr. Robert Reid Cabral en Santo Domingo, República Dominicana, por presentar sangrado digestivo bajo, con edades comprendidas entre 2 y 15 años, siendo el mayor grupo entre 2 y 5 años (58//) y predominando el sexo masculino (58//). Las características del sangrado bajo encontradas fueron: rojo rutilante y escaso 100//, ocurría durante la defecación 86//, indoloro 83//. Se asoció a anemia crónica en 40//, parasitismo intestinal 36//, constipación 28// y diarrea 18//. Los medios de diagnóstico auxiliares utilizados fueron el estudio de colon con doble medio de contraste 82// y la rectosigmoidoscopía 24//. La causa predominante de sangrado bajo en la población estudiada fue el pólipo juvenil 60//, encontrandose con mayor frecuencia entre las edades de 2 y 5 años